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Examples for

Step-by-Step Chemistry

Chemical Conversions

Follow the steps for unit conversion:

convert 5mL benzene to moles
how many molecules are in 10 grams of ATP
volume of 20 pounds of methanol
convert 5 mL of 1.5 mM magnesium hydroxide to molecules of magnesium hydroxide
mass of stannous fluoride in 2 fluid ounces of 0.14% w/v stannous fluoride

Molecules

Calculate molecular mass:

technetium fluoride molar mass
molecular mass lithium hydroxide

Compute the elemental composition of molecules:

H35C23N5O8 mass percent

Count the total number of particles:

How many atoms are in gemcitabine?
What is the total number of electrons in MnCO3?

Kinetics

Construct the reaction rate expression:

reaction rate Br anion + BrO3 anion + hydrogen cation -> Br2 + water

Build the rate-of-conversion expression:

rate of conversion Cl2(g) + F2(g) -> ClF3(g)
Chemical Solutions ›

Compute the molarity of a solution step by step:

What is the molarity of 62.3 g sucrose in 250 cm^3 of water?

Prepare a dilute solution step by step:

dilution Vf=250.0 mL, Cf=0.100 M, Ci=1.00 M

Compute the boiling point elevation for a solution:

boiling point elevation i=1, m=0.22molal, Kb=1.22kg K/mol

Convert between density and concentration for a single-component solution:

convert density to concentration M=35 g/mol, rho=2 g/mL

Titrate a strong acid or base:

strong acid base titration Va=15 mL, [H+]=3 dM, [OH-]=5 cM

Prepare chemical solutions step by step:

Prepare 2.0 mM CuSO4 from 10 mL of 5.0 mM CuSO4
More examples

Atoms

Calculate the atomic mass:

What is the atomic mass of silicon?

Assemble a ground-state orbital diagram:

Iron orbital diagram

Count the number of valence electrons:

How many valence electrons in Bi?

Compute the energy of a photon from its wavelength:

photon energy 410 nm

Find the wavelength of a photon from a CO2(g) laser:

photon wavelength 2.83x10^13 Hz

Compute the de Broglie wavelength:

de Broglie wavelength m=electron mass, v=1.00%*speed of light

Build the nuclide symbol:

What is the nuclide notation for technetium-99?

Find the neutron number:

How many neutrons are in iodine-131?

Chemical Reactions

Learn how to balance a chemical reaction:

balance Cu + HNO3 -> Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O
glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide

Find the required amount of reactants:

stoichiometry benzene + nitronium -> 0.02 mols nitrobenzene + hydrogen ion

Determine the theoretical yield:

stoichiometry 22g NaOH + 16g MgCl2 -> Mg(OH)2 + NaCl

Compute the percent yield:

stoichiometry 0.2 mol CH4 + O2 -> 7 mL H2O + CO2

Structure & Bonding

Get a step-by-step procedure to draw the Lewis structures of molecules:

What is the Lewis structure of NO2
Lewis dot structure of ATP

Compute oxidation states of chemicals:

oxidation states of chromium(III) chloride

Determine orbital hybridization one step at a time:

what is the orbital hybridization in succinylacetone

Use Hückel's rule to determine aromaticity:

is biphenylene aromatic?

Thermodynamics

Compute the change in internal energy:

first law of thermodynamics Q=-1150 J, W=-480 J

Compute the heat capacity ratio:

heat capacity ratio Cp=72.9 J/K, Cv=64.5 J/K

RELATED EXAMPLES

  • Chemical Compounds
  • Chemical Quantities
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Cheminformatics
  • Chemistry

    • Equilibrium

    Learn to build an equilibrium constant:

    equilibrium constant CoO(s) + CO(g) -> Co(s) + CO2(g)
    PbCl2(s) -> lead(2)(aq) + Cl-(aq) equilibrium constant

    Assemble a reaction quotient:

    reaction quotient nitrogen(g) + oxygen(g) -> NO(g)
    NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) -> water (l) + NaCl (aq) reaction quotient

    Gases

    Calculate molar properties for gases:

    graham's law calculator JA=10043 mol/(m^2 s), JB=10000 mol/(m^2 s), MB=352 g/mol
    Graham's law flux ratio calculator MA=4.003 g/mol, MB=34.08 g/mol

    Determine the amount of a gas:

    Avogadro's law V1=5 L, n1=2 dmol, V2=35 L

    Find the volume of a gas:

    Boyle's law P1=760 torr, V1=60 mL, P2=2 atm
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