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Examples for

Step-by-Step Chemistry

See how to solve chemistry problems step by step across all levels of the curriculum, from middle school to college. Topical coverage spans analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistry and biochemistry subdivisions. Use Wolfram|Alpha to solve and truly understand chemistry at an atomic and molecular level.

Chemical Conversions

Convert chemical quantities to other chemical units.

Follow the steps for unit conversion:

convert 5mL benzene to moles
how many molecules are in 10 grams of ATP
volume of 20 pounds of methanol
convert 5 mL of 1.5 mM magnesium hydroxide to molecules of magnesium hydroxide
mass of stannous fluoride in 2 fluid ounces of 0.14% w/v stannous fluoride
Molecules

Explore the properties of molecules.

Calculate molecular mass:

technetium fluoride molar mass
molecular mass lithium hydroxide

Compute the elemental composition of molecules:

H35C23N5O8 mass percent

Count the total number of particles:

How many atoms are in gemcitabine?
What is the total number of electrons in MnCO3?
Kinetics

Build chemical kinetic equations step by step.

Construct the reaction rate expression:

reaction rate Br anion + BrO3 anion + hydrogen cation -> Br2 + water

Build the rate-of-conversion expression:

rate of conversion Cl2(g) + F2(g) -> ClF3(g)
Chemical Solutions ›

Analyze the properties of chemical solutions.

Compute the molarity of a solution step by step:

What is the molarity of 62.3 g sucrose in 250 cm^3 of water?

Prepare a dilute solution step by step:

dilution Vf=250.0 mL, Cf=0.100 M, Ci=1.00 M

Compute the boiling point elevation for a solution:

boiling point elevation i=1, m=0.22molal, Kb=1.22kg K/mol

Convert between density and concentration for a single-component solution:

convert density to concentration M=35 g/mol, rho=2 g/mL

Titrate a strong acid or base:

strong acid base titration Va=15 mL, [H+]=3 dM, [OH-]=5 cM

Prepare chemical solutions step by step:

Prepare 2.0 mM CuSO4 from 10 mL of 5.0 mM CuSO4
More examples
Atoms

Explore the properties of atoms step by step.

Calculate the atomic mass:

What is the atomic mass of silicon?

Assemble a ground-state orbital diagram:

Iron orbital diagram

Count the number of valence electrons:

How many valence electrons in Bi?

Compute the energy of a photon from its wavelength:

photon energy 410 nm

Find the wavelength of a photon from a CO2(g) laser:

photon wavelength 2.83x10^13 Hz

Compute the de Broglie wavelength:

de Broglie wavelength m=electron mass, v=1.00%*speed of light

Build the nuclide symbol:

What is the nuclide notation for technetium-99?

Find the neutron number:

How many neutrons are in iodine-131?
Chemical Reactions

Analyze chemical reactions step by step.

Learn how to balance a chemical reaction:

balance Cu + HNO3 -> Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H2O
glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide

Find the required amount of reactants:

stoichiometry benzene + nitronium -> 0.02 mols nitrobenzene + hydrogen ion

Determine the theoretical yield:

stoichiometry 22g NaOH + 16g MgCl2 -> Mg(OH)2 + NaCl

Compute the percent yield:

stoichiometry 0.2 mol CH4 + O2 -> 7 mL H2O + CO2
percent yield m_a=5.12 g, m_t=7.94 g

Compute total ionic equations:

What is the total ionic equation for CuCl2(aq) + Na3PO4(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + Cu3(PO4)2(s)?
total ionic equation BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) -> BaSO4(s) + NaCl(aq)

Determine net ionic equations:

Show me the net ionic reaction for Ba(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO2(aq) -> Ba(NO2)2(aq) + H2O(l)
net ionic reaction Hg2(NO3)2(aq) + KI(aq) -> Hg2I2(s) + KNO3(aq)

Find the spectator ions:

What are the spectator ions for NaCl(aq) +AgNO3(aq) -> AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)?
spectator ions Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Structure & Bonding

Investigate the structure and bonding properties of individual molecules.

Get a step-by-step procedure to draw the Lewis structures of molecules:

What is the Lewis structure of NO2
Lewis dot structure of ATP

Compute oxidation states of chemicals:

oxidation states of chromium(III) chloride

Determine orbital hybridization one step at a time:

what is the orbital hybridization in succinylacetone

Use Hückel's rule to determine aromaticity:

is biphenylene aromatic?
Thermodynamics

Investigate the thermochemical properties of compounds step by step.

Compute the change in internal energy:

first law of thermodynamics Q=-1150 J, W=-480 J

Compute the heat capacity ratio:

heat capacity ratio Cp=72.9 J/K, Cv=64.5 J/K

RELATED EXAMPLES

  • Chemical Quantities
  • Chemical Reactions
  • Cheminformatics
  • Chemistry
  • Molecules
    • Equilibrium

    Construct the steps to solve chemical equilibrium equations for chemical reactions.

    Learn to build an equilibrium constant:

    equilibrium constant CoO(s) + CO(g) -> Co(s) + CO2(g)
    PbCl2(s) -> lead(2)(aq) + Cl-(aq) equilibrium constant

    Assemble a reaction quotient:

    reaction quotient nitrogen(g) + oxygen(g) -> NO(g)
    NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) -> water (l) + NaCl (aq) reaction quotient
    Gases

    Compute the properties of chemicals in the gas phase step by step.

    Calculate molar properties for gases:

    graham's law calculator JA=10043 mol/(m^2 s), JB=10000 mol/(m^2 s), MB=352 g/mol
    Graham's law flux ratio calculator MA=4.003 g/mol, MB=34.08 g/mol

    Determine the amount of a gas:

    Avogadro's law V1=5 L, n1=2 dmol, V2=35 L

    Find the volume of a gas:

    Boyle's law P1=760 torr, V1=60 mL, P2=2 atm
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